Guía OpenAlex - Primera Parte Fecha: 03/10/2023. Indicadores de ciencia y tecnología en el contexto de la Ciencia Abierta. Proyecto PAPIIT. Dr. Eduardo Robles Belmont Sergio Agustín Cabello Tejeida M. en C. José Gerardo López Bonifacio. Técnico Académico Asociado “C”. |
PyAlex
PyAlex es una biblioteca de Python para OpenAlex. OpenAlex es un índice de cientos de millones de artículos académicos, autores, instituciones y más interconectados. OpenAlex ofrece una API REST sólida, abierta y gratuita para extraer, agregar o buscar datos académicos. PyAlex es una interfaz Python liviana y delgada para esta API. PyAlex intenta acercarse lo más posible al diseño del servicio original.
PyAlex admite actualmente las siguientes características de OpenAlex:
- Obtener entidades individuales
- Filtrar entidades
- Buscar entidades
- Entidades del grupo
- Filtros de búsqueda
- Seleccionar campos
- Muestra
- Paginación
- Punto final de autocompletar
- N-gramas
- Autenticación
Nuestro objetivo es cubrir toda la API y estamos buscando ayuda. Damos la bienvenida a las solicitudes de extracción.
Características clave
- Operaciones de canalización: PyAlex puede manejar múltiples operaciones en una secuencia. Esto permite al desarrollador escribir consultas comprensibles. Para ver ejemplos, consulte fragmentos de código.
- Resúmenes en texto sin formato: OpenAlex no incluye resúmenes en texto sin formato debido a restricciones legales. PyAlex puede convertir los resúmenes invertidos en resúmenes de texto sin formato sobre la marcha.
- Licencia permisiva: los datos de OpenAlex tienen licencia CC0 🙌. PyAlex se publica bajo la licencia MIT.
Instalación
PyAlex requiere Python 3.6 o posterior.
!pip install pyalex
Collecting pyalex Downloading pyalex-0.11-py3-none-any.whl (9.7 kB) Requirement already satisfied: requests in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from pyalex) (2.31.0) Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<4,>=2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from requests->pyalex) (3.2.0) Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from requests->pyalex) (3.4) Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<3,>=1.21.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from requests->pyalex) (2.0.5) Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from requests->pyalex) (2023.7.22) Installing collected packages: pyalex Successfully installed pyalex-0.11
Empezando
PyAlex ofrece soporte para todos los objetos de entidad: obras, autores, fuentes, instituciones, conceptos, editores y financiadores.
from pyalex import Works, Authors, Sources, Institutions, Concepts, Publishers, Funders
La piscina educada
El grupo educado tiene tiempos de respuesta mucho más rápidos y consistentes. Para ingresar al grupo cortés, configura su correo electrónico:
import pyalex
pyalex.config.email = "jose.lopezb@iimas.unam.mx"
Obtener entidad única
Obtenga una única obra, autor, fuente, institución, concepto, editor o financiador de OpenAlex mediante el ID de OpenAlex, o mediante DOI o ROR.
Works()["W2741809807"]
# same as
Works()["https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375"]
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2741809807', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375', 'title': 'The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles', 'display_name': 'The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-02-13', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2741809807', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375', 'mag': '2741809807', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29456894', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5815332'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1983995261', 'display_name': 'PeerJ', 'issn_l': '2167-8359', 'issn': ['2167-8359'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320104', 'host_organization_name': 'PeerJ, Inc.', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320104'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['PeerJ, Inc.'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048491430', 'display_name': 'Heather Piwowar', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210166736', 'display_name': 'Impact Technology Development (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05ppvf150', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210166736']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Heather Piwowar', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Impactstory, Sanford, NC, USA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Impactstory, Sanford, NC, USA']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023888391', 'display_name': 'Jason Priem', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-6610'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210166736', 'display_name': 'Impact Technology Development (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05ppvf150', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210166736']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jason Priem', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Impactstory, Sanford, NC, USA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Impactstory, Sanford, NC, USA']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068542997', 'display_name': 'Vincent Larivière', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-0689'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I70931966', 'display_name': 'Université de Montréal', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0161xgx34', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I70931966']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I159129438', 'display_name': 'Université du Québec à Montréal', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/002rjbv21', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159129438', 'https://openalex.org/I49663120']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vincent Larivière', 'raw_affiliation_string': "Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies (OST) Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST) Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal QC Canada; École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l'information, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.", 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies (OST) Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST) Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal QC Canada', "École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l'information, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada."]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045110184', 'display_name': 'Juan Pablo Alperín', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I18014758', 'display_name': 'Simon Fraser University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0213rcc28', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I18014758']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Juan Pablo Alperin', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Canadian Institute for Studies in Publishing, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; Public Knowledge Project, Canada.', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Canadian Institute for Studies in Publishing, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.', 'Public Knowledge Project, Canada.']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066880338', 'display_name': 'Lisa Matthias', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2612-2132'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I18014758', 'display_name': 'Simon Fraser University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0213rcc28', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I18014758']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lisa Matthias', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Scholarly Communications Lab, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Scholarly Communications Lab, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015414792', 'display_name': 'Bree Norlander', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-4221'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I58610484', 'display_name': 'Seattle University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jqc0m91', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I58610484']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bree Norlander', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, USA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, USA']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062989025', 'display_name': 'Ashley Farley', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-6944'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I58610484', 'display_name': 'Seattle University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jqc0m91', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I58610484']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ashley Farley', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, USA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, USA']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046879461', 'display_name': 'Jevin D. West', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-0322'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I58610484', 'display_name': 'Seattle University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jqc0m91', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I58610484']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jevin West', 'raw_affiliation_string': '[Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, USA]', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, USA]']}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014077037', 'display_name': 'Stefanie Haustein', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-1430'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I159129438', 'display_name': 'Université du Québec à Montréal', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/002rjbv21', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159129438', 'https://openalex.org/I49663120']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153718931', 'display_name': 'University of Ottawa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03c4mmv16', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153718931']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stefanie Haustein', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies (OST), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST),, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; School of Information Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies (OST), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST),, Université du Québec à Montréal, 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'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1983995261', 'display_name': 'PeerJ', 'issn_l': '2167-8359', 'issn': ['2167-8359'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320104', 'host_organization_name': 'PeerJ, Inc.', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320104'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['PeerJ, Inc.'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4', 'display_name': 'Quality Education', 'score': 0.33}, {'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17', 'display_name': 'Partnerships for the goals', 'score': 0.24}, {'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9', 'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'score': 0.21}], 'grants': [], 'referenced_works_count': 35, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1560783210', 'https://openalex.org/W1724212071', 'https://openalex.org/W1767272795', 'https://openalex.org/W1957687230', 'https://openalex.org/W2003844967', 'https://openalex.org/W2016860460', 'https://openalex.org/W2020807482', 'https://openalex.org/W2029057325', 'https://openalex.org/W2031754690', 'https://openalex.org/W2048185449', 'https://openalex.org/W2078310052', 'https://openalex.org/W2089123513', 'https://openalex.org/W2115339903', 'https://openalex.org/W2140880926', 'https://openalex.org/W2160597895', 'https://openalex.org/W2231201268', 'https://openalex.org/W2306268324', 'https://openalex.org/W2322381034', 'https://openalex.org/W2343014812', 'https://openalex.org/W2345375849', 'https://openalex.org/W2463568293', 'https://openalex.org/W2511661767', 'https://openalex.org/W2520991028', 'https://openalex.org/W2563251083', 'https://openalex.org/W2566143661', 'https://openalex.org/W2587705861', 'https://openalex.org/W2588027260', 'https://openalex.org/W2737712680', 'https://openalex.org/W2753353163', 'https://openalex.org/W2785823074', 'https://openalex.org/W2953072907', 'https://openalex.org/W2997143876', 'https://openalex.org/W3121567788', 'https://openalex.org/W4254015553', 'https://openalex.org/W4298108315'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2055275276', 'https://openalex.org/W2078188943', 'https://openalex.org/W2586021869', 'https://openalex.org/W2741809807', 'https://openalex.org/W3003267280', 'https://openalex.org/W3115560629', 'https://openalex.org/W3131211795', 'https://openalex.org/W3136123362', 'https://openalex.org/W4235038322', 'https://openalex.org/W4245410681'], 'ngrams_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works/W2741809807/ngrams', 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Despite': [0], 'growing': [1], 'interest': [2], 'in': [3, 57, 73, 110, 122], 'Open': [4, 201], 'Access': [5], '(OA)': [6], 'to': [7, 54, 252], 'scholarly': [8, 105], 'literature,': [9], 'there': [10], 'is': [11, 107, 116, 176], 'an': [12, 34, 85, 185, 199, 231], 'unmet': [13], 'need': [14, 31], 'for': [15, 42, 174, 219], 'large-scale,': [16], 'up-to-date,': [17], 'and': [18, 24, 77, 112, 124, 144, 221, 237, 256], 'reproducible': [19], 'studies': [20], 'assessing': [21], 'the': [22, 104, 134, 145, 170, 195, 206, 213, 245], 'prevalence': [23], 'characteristics': [25], 'of': [26, 51, 75, 83, 103, 137, 141, 163, 209], 'OA.': [27, 168, 239], 'We': [28, 46, 97, 203, 240], 'address': [29], 'this': [30, 114, 142], 'using': [32, 95, 244], 'oaDOI,': [33], 'open': [35], 'online': [36], 'service': [37], 'that': [38, 89, 99, 113, 147, 155], 'determines': [39], 'OA': [40, 56, 93, 108, 138, 159, 175, 210, 223, 254], 'status': [41], '67': [43], 'million': [44], 'articles.': [45], 'use': [47], 'three': [48, 58], 'samples,': [49], 'each': [50], '100,000': [52], 'articles,': [53, 152, 211], 'investigate': [55], 'populations:': [59], '(1)': [60], 'all': [61], 'journal': [62, 70], 'articles': [63, 71, 79, 94, 164, 191, 224], 'assigned': [64], 'a': [65, 250], 'Crossref': [66], 'DOI,': [67], '(2)': [68], 'recent': [69, 128], 'indexed': [72], 'Web': [74], 'Science,': [76], '(3)': [78], 'viewed': [80], 'by': [81, 120, 235], 'users': [82, 91, 157], 'Unpaywall,': [84], 'open-source': [86], 'browser': [87], 'extension': [88], 'lets': [90], 'find': [92, 154], 'oaDOI.': [96], 'estimate': [98], 'at': [100], 'least': [101], '28%': [102], 'literature': [106], '(19M': [109], 'total)': [111], 'proportion': [115], 'growing,': [117], 'driven': [118, 233], 'particularly': [119], 'growth': [121], 'Gold': [123], 'Hybrid.': [125], 'The': [126], 'most': [127, 171], 'year': [129], 'analyzed': [130], '(2015)': [131], 'also': [132, 204], 'has': [133], 'highest': [135], 'percentage': [136], '(45%).': [139], 'Because': [140], 'growth,': [143], 'fact': [146], 'readers': [148], 'disproportionately': [149], 'access': [150], 'newer': [151], 'we': [153, 188], 'Unpaywall': [156], 'encounter': [158], 'quite': [160], 'frequently:': [161], '47%': [162], 'they': [165], 'view': [166], 'are': [167], 'Notably,': [169], 'common': [172], 'mechanism': [173], 'not': [177], 'Gold,': [178], 'Green,': [179], 'or': [180], 'Hybrid': [181, 238], 'OA,': [182], 'but': [183], 'rather': [184], 'under-discussed': [186], 'category': [187], 'dub': [189], 'Bronze:': [190], 'made': [192], 'free-to-read': [193], 'on': [194], 'publisher': [196], 'website,': [197], 'without': [198], 'explicit': [200], 'license.': [202], 'examine': [205], 'citation': [207, 216], 'impact': [208], 'corroborating': [212], 'so-called': [214], 'open-access': [215], 'advantage:': [217], 'accounting': [218], 'age': [220], 'discipline,': [222], 'receive': [225], '18%': [226], 'more': [227], 'citations': [228], 'than': [229], 'average,': [230], 'effect': [232], 'primarily': [234], 'Green': [236], 'encourage': [241], 'further': [242], 'research': [243], 'free': [246], 'oaDOI': [247], 'service,': [248], 'as': [249], 'way': [251], 'inform': [253], 'policy': [255], 'practice.': [257]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2741809807', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 66}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 113}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 103}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 133}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 98}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-02T13:57:04.358776', 'created_date': '2017-08-08'}
El resultado es un objeto Work
, que es muy similar a un diccionario. Encuentre los campos disponibles con .keys()
.
Por ejemplo, obtenga el estado de acceso abierto:
Works()["W2741809807"]["open_access"]
{'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}
Los trabajos anteriores también para Autores, Lugares, Instituciones y Conceptos
Authors()["A5023888391"]
Authors()["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-6610"] # Lo mismo
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023888391', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-6610', 'display_name': 'Jason Priem', 'display_name_alternatives': ['Jason Priem', 'Priem Jason'], 'works_count': 53, 'cited_by_count': 2133, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 0.5, 'h_index': 16, 'i10_index': 17}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/A5023888391', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-6610', 'scopus': 'http://www.scopus.com/inward/authorDetails.url?authorID=36455008000&partnerID=MN8TOARS'}, 'last_known_institution': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4200000001', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02nr0ka47', 'display_name': 'OurResearch', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4200000001']}, 'x_concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 96.2}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136764020', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466', 'display_name': 'World Wide Web', 'level': 1, 'score': 73.6}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 69.8}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161191863', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655', 'display_name': 'Library science', 'level': 1, 'score': 64.2}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 62.3}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522767166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463', 'display_name': 'Data science', 'level': 1, 'score': 58.5}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778407487', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14565201', 'display_name': 'Altmetrics', 'level': 2, 'score': 41.5}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 39.6}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 34.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 30.2}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 28.3}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 28.3}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778805511', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713', 'display_name': 'Citation', 'level': 2, 'score': 26.4}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 24.5}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124952713', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242', 'display_name': 'Literature', 'level': 1, 'score': 24.5}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151719136', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943', 'display_name': 'Publishing', 'level': 2, 'score': 24.5}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 24.5}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124101348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491', 'display_name': 'Data mining', 'level': 1, 'score': 22.6}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 20.8}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 20.8}], 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 0, 'cited_by_count': 137}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 2, 'cited_by_count': 213}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 1, 'cited_by_count': 219}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 3, 'cited_by_count': 277}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 2, 'cited_by_count': 231}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 3, 'cited_by_count': 188}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 3, 'cited_by_count': 165}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 2, 'cited_by_count': 178}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 3, 'cited_by_count': 220}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 4, 'cited_by_count': 202}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 11, 'cited_by_count': 154}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 11, 'cited_by_count': 66}], 'works_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5023888391', 'updated_date': '2023-09-29T22:33:54.134877', 'created_date': '2023-07-21'}
Obtener aleatorio
Obtenga una obra, autor, fuente, institución, concepto, editor o financiador aleatorio.
Works().random()
Authors().random()
Sources().random()
Institutions().random()
Concepts().random()
Publishers().random()
Funders().random()
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320307379', 'display_name': 'National Psoriasis Foundation', 'alternate_titles': ['NPF', 'National Psoriasis Foundation Inc', 'National Psoriasis Foundation/USA', 'National Psoriasis Foundation, Inc.'], 'country_code': 'US', 'description': 'Nonprofit organization', 'homepage_url': 'https://www.psoriasis.org', 'image_url': None, 'image_thumbnail_url': None, 'grants_count': 56, 'works_count': 260, 'cited_by_count': 5436, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 6.617021276595745, 'h_index': 37, 'i10_index': 110}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/F4320307379', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/005gjjf63', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6975105', 'crossref': '100003185', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13039/100003185'}, 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 31, 'cited_by_count': 1150}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 48, 'cited_by_count': 1462}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 49, 'cited_by_count': 1157}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 46, 'cited_by_count': 779}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 36, 'cited_by_count': 446}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 24, 'cited_by_count': 189}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 10, 'cited_by_count': 97}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 4, 'cited_by_count': 68}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 5, 'cited_by_count': 44}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 4, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 2, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 0, 'cited_by_count': 7}], 'roles': [{'role': 'funder', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320307379', 'works_count': 260}, {'role': 'institution', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088895', 'works_count': 131}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T06:01:14.799535', 'created_date': '2023-02-13'}
Obtener resumen
Sólo para Obras. Solicite un trabajo de la base de datos OpenAlex:
w = Works()["W3128349626"]
Todos los atributos están disponibles como se documenta en {Works](https://docs.openalex.org/api-entities/works/work-object), así como en abstract
(solo si abstract_inverted_index
no es None). Este resumen hecho legible por humanos se crea sobre la marcha.
w["abstract"]
'Abstract To help researchers conduct a systematic review or meta-analysis as efficiently and transparently as possible, we designed a tool to accelerate the step of screening titles and abstracts. For many tasks—including but not limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses—the scientific literature needs to be checked systematically. Scholars and practitioners currently screen thousands of studies by hand to determine which studies to include in their review or meta-analysis. This is error prone and inefficient because of extremely imbalanced data: only a fraction of the screened studies is relevant. The future of systematic reviewing will be an interaction with machine learning algorithms to deal with the enormous increase of available text. We therefore developed an open source machine learning-aided pipeline applying active learning: ASReview. We demonstrate by means of simulation studies that active learning can yield far more efficient reviewing than manual reviewing while providing high quality. Furthermore, we describe the options of the free and open source research software and present the results from user experience tests. We invite the community to contribute to open source projects such as our own that provide measurable and reproducible improvements over current practice.'
Respete las restricciones legales al utilizar esta función.
Obtener listas de entidades
results = Works().get()
Para listas de entidades, también puede contar
la cantidad de registros encontrados en lugar de devolver los resultados. Esto también funciona para filtros y consultas de búsqueda.
Works().count()
# 10338153
244805456
Para listas de entidades, puede devolver el resultado además de los metadatos. De forma predeterminada, sólo se devuelven los resultados.
results, meta = Concepts().get(return_meta=True)
print(meta)
{'count': 65073, 'db_response_time_ms': 31, 'page': 1, 'per_page': 25}
Filtrar registros
Works().filter(publication_year=2020, is_oa=True).get()
[{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3001118548', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5', 'title': 'Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China', 'display_name': 'Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3001118548', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5', 'mag': '3001118548', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31986264', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7159299'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620301835/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S49861241', 'display_name': 'The Lancet', 'issn_l': '0140-6736', 'issn': ['1474-547X', '0099-5355', '0140-6736'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620301835/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021557852', 'display_name': 'Chaolin Huang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-9235'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chaolin Huang', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008453760', 'display_name': 'Yeming Wang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I200296433', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02drdmm93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I200296433']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801051648', 'display_name': 'China-Japan Friendship Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/037cjxp13', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801051648']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183519381', 'display_name': 'Capital Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013xs5b60', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yeming Wang', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China', 'Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China', 'Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076986736', 'display_name': 'Xingwang Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-6517'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210150338', 'display_name': 'Beijing Ditan Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05kkkes98', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210150338']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183519381', 'display_name': 'Capital Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013xs5b60', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Xingwang Li', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005176337', 'display_name': 'Lili Ren', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-8183'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I200296433', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02drdmm93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I200296433']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lili Ren', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052152159', 'display_name': 'Jianping Zhao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-7422'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160344', 'display_name': 'Tongji Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xy45965', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210160344']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47720641', 'display_name': 'Huazhong University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00p991c53', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47720641']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jianping Zhao', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031491320', 'display_name': 'Yi Hu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-2681'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47720641', 'display_name': 'Huazhong University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 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Que es idéntico a:
Works().filter(publication_year=2020).filter(is_oa=True).get()
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'https://openalex.org/W2165310577', 'https://openalex.org/W2166135589', 'https://openalex.org/W2170933940', 'https://openalex.org/W2255897570', 'https://openalex.org/W2549922333', 'https://openalex.org/W2617807303', 'https://openalex.org/W2752904261', 'https://openalex.org/W2769543984', 'https://openalex.org/W2807736175', 'https://openalex.org/W2889758689', 'https://openalex.org/W2981810157', 'https://openalex.org/W3036980653'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3005722800', 'https://openalex.org/W3008294222', 'https://openalex.org/W3022913415', 'https://openalex.org/W3103431509', 'https://openalex.org/W3108471389', 'https://openalex.org/W3121331721', 'https://openalex.org/W3154254733', 'https://openalex.org/W4200562868', 'https://openalex.org/W4283828812', 'https://openalex.org/W4379472876'], 'ngrams_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works/W3002539152/ngrams', 'abstract_inverted_index': {'An': [0], 'ongoing': [1], 'outbreak': [2], 'of': [3, 56, 93, 108, 160, 164, 169, 207, 220, 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'Lee,': [408], 'Kong': [411], 'Hainan': [412], 'Commercial': [413], 'Association': [414], 'South': [415], 'China': [416], 'Microbiology': [417], 'Fund,': [419], 'Sanming': [420], 'Project': [421], 'Medicine': [423], '(Shenzhen),': [424], 'High': [426], 'Level-Hospital': [427], 'Program': [428], '(Guangdong': [429], 'Health': [430], 'Commission).': [431]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3002539152', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 357}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 905}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2030}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3443}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-03T21:48:13.533746', 'created_date': '2020-01-30'}]
Filtros de atributos anidados
OpenAlex anida y separa algunos filtros de atributos con puntos. Por ejemplo, filtre por authorships.institutions.ror
.
En el caso de filtros de atributos anidados, utilice un dict para crear la consulta.
Works().filter(authorships={"institutions": {"ror": "04pp8hn57"}}).get()
[{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1995017064', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1107/s0907444998003254', 'title': 'Crystallography & NMR System: A New Software Suite for Macromolecular Structure Determination', 'display_name': 'Crystallography & NMR System: A New Software Suite for Macromolecular Structure Determination', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1995017064', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1107/s0907444998003254', 'mag': '1995017064', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9757107'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1107/s0907444998003254', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S114502960', 'display_name': 'Acta Crystallographica Section D-biological Crystallography', 'issn_l': '0907-4449', 'issn': ['0907-4449', '1399-0047'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320503', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley-Blackwell', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320503', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley-Blackwell', 'Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056911622', 'display_name': 'A.T. Brünger', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32971472', 'display_name': 'Yale University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03v76x132', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'display_name': 'Howard Hughes Medical Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006w34k90', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A.T. Brünger', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA', 'The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5027915011', 'display_name': 'Paul D. Adams', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-8219'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32971472', 'display_name': 'Yale University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03v76x132', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P.D. Adams', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024727980', 'display_name': 'G. Marius Clore', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-1027'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00adh9b73', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G.M. Clore', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Building 5, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA.', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Building 5, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA.']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090802246', 'display_name': 'Warren L. DeLano', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'https://openalex.org/I2803209242']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W.L. DeLano', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Graduate Group in Biophysics, Box 0448, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Graduate Group in Biophysics, Box 0448, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045574506', 'display_name': 'Piet Gros', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-2585'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I193662353', 'display_name': 'Utrecht University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04pp8hn57', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I193662353']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. Gros', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research; Utrecht University, Padualaan 8; 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research; Utrecht University, Padualaan 8; 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068760000', 'display_name': 'Ralf W. Grosse‐Kunstleve', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32971472', 'display_name': 'Yale University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03v76x132', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'display_name': 'Howard Hughes Medical Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006w34k90', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA', 'The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011813946', 'display_name': 'Jiansheng Jiang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-5481'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I200870766', 'display_name': 'Brookhaven National Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02ex6cf31', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I200870766', 'https://openalex.org/I4210142672']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.-S. Jiang', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Protein Data Bank, Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973–5000, USA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Protein Data Bank, Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973–5000, USA']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046828897', 'display_name': 'John Kuszewski', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00adh9b73', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Kuszewski', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Building 5, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA.', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Building 5, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA.']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024276029', 'display_name': 'Michaël Nilges', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-8092'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210153543', 'display_name': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/050589e39', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'https://openalex.org/I4210153543']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Nilges', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028415040', 'display_name': 'Navraj S. Pannu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154425047', 'display_name': 'University of Alberta', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0160cpw27', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154425047']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'N.S. Pannu', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dept. of Mathematical Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G1, Canada', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dept. of Mathematical Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G1, Canada']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068323278', 'display_name': 'Randy J. Read', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8273-0047'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154425047', 'display_name': 'University of Alberta', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0160cpw27', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154425047']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R.J. Read', 'raw_affiliation_string': '<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056334757', 'display_name': 'Luke M. Rice', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-3307'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32971472', 'display_name': 'Yale University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03v76x132', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L.M. 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1906, 1936, 1994, 2053, 2085, 2204, 2241, 2290, 2312, 2319, 2329, 2350, 2443, 2481, 2607, 2629, 2642, 2792, 2825, 2835, 2863, 2893, 2976, 2980, 3005, 3057, 3094, 3189, 3193, 3213, 3249, 3253, 3386, 3396, 3410, 3436, 3483, 3569, 3573, 3579, 3633, 3775, 3848, 3873, 3941, 3984, 4009, 4020, 4059, 4069, 4096, 4114, 4128, 4145, 4171, 4177, 4180, 4187, 4196, 4251, 4264, 4319, 4343, 4361], 'embryonic': [41, 121, 548, 2292], 'development': [42, 122, 254, 1793, 2711, 3324], 'also': [44, 124, 617, 1684, 2551, 3065, 3344], 'controls': [45, 125, 249, 2377, 3394, 3630], 'homeostatic': [46, 126], 'self-renewal': [47, 127], 'a': [49, 75, 129, 155, 176, 208, 237, 280, 396, 415, 560, 600, 629, 661, 824, 847, 1069, 1097, 1170, 1324, 1352, 1434, 1451, 1490, 1499, 1531, 1576, 1616, 1670, 1694, 1739, 1752, 1767, 1771, 1893, 1916, 2002, 2020, 2061, 2081, 2213, 2310, 2361, 2475, 2509, 2531, 2656, 2723, 2760, 2789, 2829, 2974, 2977, 3089, 3161, 3166, 3215, 3223, 3380, 3441, 3755, 3846, 3871, 3874, 3881, 3909, 3982, 4193, 4208, 4240, 4249, 4299, 4348], 'number': [50, 130, 265, 1326], 'adult': [52, 132], 'tissues.': [53, 79, 133, 159], 'Germline': [54, 134], 'mutations': [55, 66, 135, 146, 371, 388, 1913, 2322], 'pathway': [59, 139, 479, 611, 794, 1013, 1214, 1246, 1298, 1312, 1750, 1791, 2555, 2680, 2748, 3322, 3371, 4120], 'cause': [60, 140, 392], 'several': [61, 141], 'hereditary': [62, 142, 848], 'diseases,': [63, 143], 'somatic': [65, 145], 'associated': [68, 148, 4162], 'with': [69, 149, 366, 945, 972, 996, 1412, 1658, 1963, 2080, 2309, 2344, 2512, 2670, 2765, 2889, 3243, 3378, 3472, 3782, 3991, 3995, 4302], 'cancer': [70, 150, 849, 926, 1249, 4012], 'intestine': [73, 153], 'variety': [76, 156, 1452], 'other': [78, 158, 1232, 3784, 4109, 4169], 'The': [160, 300, 815, 1613, 1643, 1788, 2013, 2202, 2944, 3319, 3407, 3745, 3766, 4057, 4283], 'mouse': [161, 203, 305, 571, 2291], 'wnt1': [162], 'gene,': [163], 'originally': [164], 'named': [165, 1605], 'Int-1,': [166], 'was': [167, 233, 276, 591, 616, 754, 844, 941, 1103], 'identified': [168, 755], '1982': [170], 'by': [171, 201, 340, 619, 758, 830, 1323, 1880, 2556, 2615, 2660, 2719, 2952, 3067, 3347, 3351, 3359, 3680, 3737, 3762, 3864, 3891, 4160, 4380, 4397], 'Nusse': [172, 298, 469, 1382, 1786, 1989, 2048, 2565, 3272, 3317], 'Varmus': [174, 196, 722, 2603], 'as': [175, 338, 660, 756, 1051, 1391, 1744, 1766, 2001, 2060, 2090, 2508, 3105, 3306, 3772, 3778, 3947, 3956, 4248, 4268], 'preferential': [177], 'integration': [178], 'site': [179], 'for': [180, 796, 1361, 1414, 1475, 1602, 1686, 1690, 1862, 1895, 2121, 2236, 2288, 2459, 2479, 2798, 2922, 3163, 3548, 3621, 3659, 3888, 3911, 3965, 4140, 4168, 4260, 4369], 'Mouse': [182, 2915], 'Mammary': [183], 'Tumor': [184], 'Virus': [185], 'virally': [187], 'induced': [188, 200, 618], 'breast': [189], 'tumors': [190, 199], '(Nusse': [191], 'Varmus,': [193], '1982Nusse': [194], 'R.': [195, 299, 470, 1383, 1787, 1990, 2049, 2177, 2566, 3087, 3273, 3318, 3406, 3538, 3649, 3906, 4052, 4054], 'H.E.': [197, 723], 'Many': [198], 'mammary': [204, 306], 'tumor': [205, 993, 3767, 3787], 'virus': [206], 'contain': [207], 'provirus': [209], 'integrated': [210], 'same': [213], 'region': [214], 'host': [217], 'genome.Cell.': [218], '1982;': [219], '31:': [220], '99-109Abstract': [221], 'Full': [222, 320, 452, 553, 805, 807, 1422, 1424, 1548, 1550, 1583, 1585, 2251, 2253, 2297, 2299, 2487, 2489, 2730, 2732, 2805, 2807], 'Text': [223, 321, 453, 554, 806, 808, 1423, 1425, 1549, 1551, 1584, 1586, 2252, 2254, 2298, 2300, 2488, 2490, 2731, 2733, 2806, 2808], 'PDF': [224, 322, 454, 555, 809, 1426, 1552, 1587, 2255, 2301, 2491, 2734, 2809], 'PubMed': [225, 273, 323, 455, 485, 519, 556, 678, 708, 738, 810, 891, 931, 977, 1001, 1176, 1275, 1399, 1427, 1509, 1553, 1588, 1722, 1803, 1870, 1948, 2008, 2067, 2127, 2162, 2197, 2256, 2302, 2424, 2492, 2583, 2620, 2735, 2810, 2873, 2939, 2991, 3046, 3100, 3145, 3175, 3233, 3294, 3334, 3424, 3519, 3557, 3668, 3716, 3827, 3919, 4077, 4233, 4310], 'Google': [226, 274, 324, 458, 488, 520, 557, 681, 711, 739, 813, 892, 932, 978, 1002, 1179, 1255, 1278, 1402, 1430, 1512, 1556, 1591, 1725, 1806, 1873, 1951, 2011, 2070, 2130, 2165, 2200, 2259, 2305, 2427, 2495, 2586, 2623, 2738, 2813, 2876, 2942, 2994, 3049, 3103, 3148, 3178, 3236, 3297, 3337, 3427, 3522, 3560, 3671, 3719, 3830, 3922, 4080, 4236, 4313], 'Scholar).': [227, 325, 521, 740, 814, 933, 1003, 1180, 1403, 1513, 1726, 1807, 1874, 1952, 2012, 2201, 2306, 2428, 2624, 2739, 2814, 2877, 2943, 2995, 3179, 3237, 3298, 3428, 3561, 3720, 3923, 4314], 'When': [228, 3721, 3832], 'sequenced,': [229], 'Wnt1': [231, 284, 572], 'proto-oncogene': [232, 538], 'seen': [234], 'to': [235, 278, 311, 349, 383, 442, 544, 605, 943, 1187, 1240, 1351, 1446, 1468, 1496, 1536, 1626, 1681, 1755, 1764, 1838, 2206, 2355, 2518, 2540, 2634, 2673, 2767, 2820, 2955, 3002, 3069, 3133, 3219, 3245, 3284, 3304, 3438, 3512, 3565, 3595, 3709, 3723, 4039, 4207, 4326, 4395], 'protein': [239, 940, 995, 1354, 1534, 1619, 1645, 2119, 2153, 2234, 2569, 2610, 2648, 3217, 3281, 3382, 3414, 3757, 3769, 3789, 3869, 4375], 'cysteine': [242, 1329, 1356], 'rich.': [243], 'Subsequently,': [244], 'Drosophila': [245, 301, 436, 820, 1052, 1435, 1487, 1595, 1891, 1999, 2058, 2093, 2218, 2375, 2418, 2501, 3220, 4293], 'wingless': [246, 477, 1928, 2237], '(wg),': [247], 'which': [248, 353, 1031, 1358, 1882, 1958, 2650, 2751, 2831, 3992, 4164, 4365], 'segment': [250, 264, 313, 4294], 'polarity': [251, 267, 314, 1202, 4295], 'during': [252, 1085, 1943], 'larval': [253], '(Nüsslein-Volhard': [255], 'Wieschaus,': [257], '1980Nüsslein-Volhard': [258], 'C.': [259, 770, 1144, 1519, 1523, 1664, 1855, 2179, 2275, 2699, 2784, 2969, 2971, 3032, 3503, 3700], 'Wieschaus': [260, 499, 4279], 'E.': [261, 293, 424, 500, 1372, 1853, 2110, 2857, 4048, 4280], 'Mutations': [262, 917], 'affecting': [263], 'Drosophila.Nature.': [269, 481], '1980;': [270], '287:': [271], '795-801Crossref': [272], 'Scholar),': [275, 3050, 3104], 'shown': [277], 'be': [279, 1033, 1188, 1836, 1878, 2457, 4040, 4084, 4158], 'fly': [281, 333], 'homolog': [282, 302, 437, 625, 640, 1464, 2503], '(Rijsewijk': [285], 'et': [286, 421, 461, 491, 645, 714, 765, 857, 879, 895, 948, 981, 1137, 1365, 1479, 1516, 1560, 1698, 1846, 1971, 2030, 2095, 2139, 2168, 2262, 2403, 2462, 2591, 2686, 2771, 2838, 2860, 2903, 2958, 3011, 3033, 3072, 3113, 3151, 3197, 3258, 3486, 3525, 3636, 3683, 3895, 4045, 4271], 'al.,': [287, 422, 462, 492, 646, 715, 766, 858, 896, 949, 982, 1138, 1366, 1480, 1517, 1561, 1699, 1847, 1972, 2031, 2096, 2140, 2169, 2263, 2404, 2463, 2592, 2687, 2772, 2839, 2904, 2959, 3012, 3073, 3114, 3152, 3198, 3259, 3487, 3526, 3637, 3684, 3896, 4046, 4272], '1987Rijsewijk': [288], 'F.': [289, 2183], 'Schuermann': [290], 'M.': [291, 494, 498, 774, 780, 1146, 1243, 1569, 1976, 2035, 2098, 2173, 2410, 2843, 2851, 3022, 3154, 3203, 4274], 'Wagenaar': [292], 'Parren': [294], 'P.': [295, 876, 916, 965, 1525, 1974, 2033, 2782, 2859, 3030, 3124, 3499, 3696], 'Weigel': [296], 'D.': [297, 496, 778, 878, 1484, 1521, 1567, 1849, 1986, 2045, 2108, 2471, 3028, 3130], 'oncogene': [307], 'int-1': [308, 539], 'identical': [310], 'gene': [315, 843, 970, 1167, 1436, 1598, 1614, 2932, 4296], 'wingless.Cell.': [316], '1987;': [317], '50:': [318], '649-657Abstract': [319], 'Segmentation': [326], 'epidermis': [329], 'wg': [331, 361, 384], 'mutant': [332, 385], 'embryos': [334, 369, 542, 578], 'severely': [336], 'impaired': [337], 'evidenced': [339], 'abnormalities': [341, 382, 2662], 'overlying': [344], 'ventral': [345, 575], 'cuticle.': [346, 398], 'In': [347, 522, 1055, 1629, 2075, 2756, 4347], 'contrast': [348], 'wild-type': [351], 'cuticle,': [352], 'exhibits': [354], 'alternating': [355], 'denticle': [356], 'naked': [358, 397], 'belts,': [359], 'cuticle': [362, 381, 402], 'completely': [364], 'covered': [365], 'denticles.': [367], 'Fly': [368], 'carrying': [370, 1912], 'porcupine,': [374, 1443], 'dishevelled,': [375], 'armadillo': [377, 473, 4297], 'display': [379], 'similar': [380, 4303], 'embryos,': [386], 'whereas': [387, 3586, 3949], 'shaggy/zeste-white': [390, 642], '3': [391, 505, 636, 643, 658], 'opposite': [394], 'phenotype,': [395], 'Epistatic': [399], 'analysis': [400, 1120, 4068], 'structure': [403, 3209], 'double': [405], 'mutants': [406, 1929], 'indicated': [407, 3466], 'these': [409, 836, 1210, 1813, 2643, 4003, 4129, 4181], 'constituted': [411], 'core': [413], 'new': [416, 1992, 2051, 2978, 3279], '(Siegfried': [420], '1992Siegfried': [423], 'Chou': [425], 'T.B.': [426], 'Perrimon': [427, 467], 'N.': [428, 468, 1565, 3075], 'Wingless': [429, 501, 1865, 2003, 2062, 2122], 'acts': [431, 3066, 3771], 'through': [432, 2432, 3474, 3614, 3739], 'zeste-white': [433], '3,': [434], 'glycogen': [439, 633, 655], 'synthase': [440, 634, 656, 727], 'kinase-3,': [441], 'regulate': [443, 3040], 'engrailed': [444], 'establish': [446], 'cell': [447, 1201, 1393, 1639, 1941, 2208, 3416, 3419], 'fate.Cell.': [448], '1992;': [449, 4307], '71:': [450], '1167-1179Abstract': [451], 'Scopus': [456, 486, 679, 709, 811, 1177, 1276, 1400, 1428, 1510, 1554, 1589, 1723, 1804, 1871, 1949, 2009, 2068, 2128, 2163, 2198, 2257, 2303, 2425, 2493, 2584, 2621, 2736, 2811, 2874, 2940, 2992, 3047, 3101, 3146, 3176, 3234, 3295, 3335, 3425, 3520, 3558, 3669, 3717, 3828, 3920, 4078, 4234, 4311], '(243)': [457], 'Scholar,': [459, 489, 682, 712, 893, 979, 2166, 2260, 3149, 3523], 'Noordermeer': [460], '1994Noordermeer': [463], 'J.': [464, 466, 786, 912, 1148, 1988, 2047, 2144, 2227, 2600, 2697, 2709, 2845, 3020, 3126, 3277, 3493, 3495, 3542, 3653, 3690, 3692, 3902, 3915], 'Klingensmith': [465], 'Dishevelled': [471, 620, 2517], 'act': [474, 1390, 1765, 3946, 3955], '1994;': [482, 516], '367:': [483], '80-83Crossref': [484], '(224)': [487], 'Peifer': [490], '1994Peifer': [493], 'Sweeton': [495], 'Casey': [497], 'Zeste-white': [504], 'kinase': [506, 635, 657, 2364, 2454, 2527, 3390, 3505, 3588, 3678, 3702, 3794, 3814, 4220], 'trigger': [507], 'opposing': [508], 'changes': [509, 4122, 4165], 'intracellular': [512, 1675], 'distribution': [513, 3212], 'Armadillo.Development.': [515], '120:': [517, 803], '369-380Crossref': [518], '1989,': [523], 'McMahon': [524], 'Moon': [526, 532, 1263], '(McMahon': [527], 'Moon,': [529, 1260], '1989McMahon': [530], 'A.P.': [531, 2967], 'R.T.': [533, 1264], 'Ectopic': [534], 'expression': [535, 2349, 4008], 'Xenopus': [541, 567, 669, 701, 733, 753, 800, 822, 2799], 'leads': [543], 'duplication': [545, 561, 615], 'axis.Cell.': [549], '1989;': [550], '58:': [551], '1075-1084Abstract': [552], 'Scholar)': [558, 2071, 2131, 2587, 3338, 3672, 4081, 4237], 'observed': [559], 'body': [564], 'axis': [565, 666, 750, 797, 2613], 'following': [568], 'injection': [569], 'mRNA': [573], 'into': [574, 1035], 'blastomeres': [576], 'at': [579, 1057, 3845], '4-cell': [581], 'stage.': [582], 'This': [583, 1004, 1076, 1280, 1346], 'observation': [584, 1005], 'supported': [585], 'notion': [587], 'shared': [592], 'between': [593, 1010, 1746, 4002], 'vertebrates': [594, 2137], 'invertebrates': [596], 'and,': [597], 'moreover,': [598], 'provided': [599, 1006], 'rapid': [601, 3889, 4092], 'convenient': [603], 'assay': [604], 'study': [606], 'components': [607, 4170], 'vertebrates.': [613], 'Axis': [614], '(Dsh),': [621], 'β-catenin': [622, 946, 2769, 2836, 3387, 3844, 3860, 3883, 4146, 4238, 4344, 4353, 4374], '(the': [623, 1071], 'vertebrate': [624, 639, 4284], 'armadillo),': [627], 'dominant-negative': [630], 'version': [631], '(GSK3),': [637], '(Dominguez': [644], '1995Dominguez': [647], 'I.': [648, 898, 955, 2602, 2780], 'Itoh': [649], 'K.': [650, 910, 1142, 1368, 1406, 1529, 1563, 2102, 2171, 2273, 2707, 3156, 3530, 3641], 'Sokol': [651], 'S.Y.': [652], 'Role': [653], 'beta': [659], 'negative': [662], 'regulator': [663], 'dorsoventral': [665, 730], 'formation': [667, 798, 1712], 'embryos.Proc.': [670], 'Natl.': [671], 'Acad.': [672], 'Sci.': [673, 1418], 'USA.': [674], '1995;': [675, 705, 735], '92:': [676], '8498-8502Crossref': [677], '(240)': [680], 'Guger': [683], 'Gumbiner,': [685], '1995Guger': [686], 'K.A.': [687, 2841], 'Gumbiner': [688, 4281], 'B.M.': [689, 3024, 4282], 'Beta-Catenin': [690], 'Wnt-like': [692], 'activity': [693, 1775, 4019, 4127], 'mimics': [695], 'Nieuwkoop': [697], 'center': [699], 'dorsal-ventral': [702], 'patterning.Dev.': [703], 'Biol.': [704, 1504, 1799, 2579, 2934, 3140, 3170, 3228, 3330, 4073, 4306], '172:': [706], '115-125Crossref': [707], '(112)': [710], 'He': [713, 2186, 3157, 3543, 3654], '1995He': [716], 'X.': [717, 784, 1934, 2187, 2594, 3116, 3158, 3528, 3544, 3639, 3655], 'Saint-Jeannet': [718, 2184, 2595], 'J.P.': [719, 1984, 2043, 2185, 2596], 'Woodgett': [720, 3541, 3652], 'J.R.': [721, 1381], 'Dawid': [724, 2601, 3274], 'I.B.': [725, 3275], 'Glycogen': [726], 'kinase-3': [728], 'patterning': [731, 1131], 'embryos.Nature.': [734], '374:': [736], '617-622Crossref': [737], 'Although': [741, 1331, 2331, 3958], 'long': [742], 'elusive,': [743], 'specific': [745, 3977], 'triggers': [749], 'induction': [751, 2614], 'Wnt11': [757], 'Heasman': [759, 785], 'colleagues': [761], 'year': [763], '(Tao': [764], '2005Tao': [767], 'Q.': [768, 2689], 'Yokota': [769], 'Puck': [771], 'H.': [772, 906, 1851, 2604, 2965, 3026, 3120, 3536, 3540, 3647, 3651, 3898], 'Kofron': [773], 'Birsoy': [775], 'B.': [776, 866, 951, 953, 986, 1157, 2469, 2855, 3014, 3200, 3532, 3643], 'Yan': [777], 'Asashima': [779], 'Wylie': [781], 'C.C.': [782], 'Lin': [783], 'Maternal': [787], 'wnt11': [788], 'activates': [789, 2570, 2676, 3367], 'canonical': [791, 1195, 1213, 1295, 1310, 2521, 2543, 2554, 2678, 2745, 3137, 3369, 3750], 'wnt': [792, 1415, 1540, 1572], 'required': [795, 1437, 1861, 2235, 2354, 2478, 2797, 4139], 'embryos.Cell.': [801], '2005;': [802, 1173, 1252, 1272, 1867, 2870, 3142, 3172, 3421, 3516, 3554, 3665, 3713], '857-871Abstract': [804], '(263)': [812], 'combined': [816], 'observations': [817, 3960], 'made': [818], 'delineated': [823], 'highly': [825, 3849, 4331, 4389], 'conserved': [826, 1037, 1328, 1532, 1577, 1597, 1622, 1678, 3850], 'pathway,': [828, 1204, 2546, 4202], 'activated': [829, 1189], 'proteins.': [833, 1908, 2755], 'Independent': [834], 'studies,': [837], 'adenomatous': [839, 853], 'polyposis': [840, 854], 'coli': [841], '(APC)': [842], 'discovered': [845], 'syndrome': [850], 'termed': [851, 1442], 'familial': [852], '(FAP)': [855], '(Kinzler': [856], '1991Kinzler': [859], 'K.W.': [860, 988], 'Nilbert': [861], 'M.C.': [862, 1705], 'Su': [863, 980], 'L.K.': [864, 984], 'Vogelstein': [865, 985], 'Bryan': [867], 'T.M.': [868], 'Levy': [869], 'D.B.': [870], 'Smith': [871, 2909, 3084], 'K.J.': [872, 4278], 'Preisinger': [873], 'A.C.': [874], 'Hedge': [875, 915], 'McKechnie': [877], 'al.Identification': [880], 'FAP': [882, 923], 'locus': [883], 'from': [885, 1542, 1623, 1679, 1828, 1998, 2057, 2366, 4064, 4121], 'chromosome': [886, 919], '5q21.Science.': [887], '1991;': [888, 928], '253:': [889, 929], '661-665Crossref': [890], 'Nishisho': [894], '1991Nishisho': [897], 'Nakamura': [899], 'Y.': [900, 902, 904, 1982, 2041, 2175, 2181, 2598, 2691, 2853, 3118], 'Miyoshi': [901], 'Miki': [903], 'Ando': [905], 'Horii': [907], 'A.': [908, 1140, 1155, 2112, 2693, 2776, 2961, 3081, 3267, 3501, 3698, 3900, 3904, 4050], 'Koyama': [909], 'Utsunomiya': [911], 'Baba': [913], 'S.': [914, 963, 1486, 1857, 2106, 2114, 2146, 2271, 2406, 2912, 3079, 3205, 3534, 3645], '5q21': [920], 'colorectal': [925], 'patients.Science.': [927], '665-669Crossref': [930], 'Soon': [934], 'after,': [935], 'large': [937], 'cytoplasmic': [938, 3381, 3481, 3513, 3571, 3710, 3756, 4149, 4262, 4373], 'APC': [939, 969, 992, 3966, 3980, 4016, 4026, 4060, 4137, 4153, 4382], 'interact': [944, 2888, 3377], '(Rubinfeld': [947], '1993Rubinfeld': [950], 'Souza': [952], 'Albert': [954], 'Muller': [956], 'O.': [957, 1707, 2774], 'Chamberlain': [958], 'S.H.': [959], 'Masiarz': [960], 'F.R.': [961], 'Munemitsu': [962], 'Polakis': [964], 'Association': [966, 989], 'product': [971], 'beta-catenin.Science.': [973], '1993;': [974, 998], '262:': [975, 999], '1731-1734Crossref': [976], '1993Su': [983], 'Kinzler': [987], 'suppressor': [994, 3768, 3788], 'catenins.Science.': [997], '1734-1737Crossref': [1000], 'first': [1008, 4354], 'connection': [1009], 'human': [1015, 1248, 2864], 'cancer.': [1016, 1318], 'Genome': [1017], 'sequencing': [1018], 'since': [1020], 'revealed': [1021, 1666], 'mammalian': [1023, 2505], 'species': [1024], 'have': [1025, 1045, 3465], 'roughly': [1026], '20': [1027, 3987], 'proteins,': [1030, 1957], 'can': [1032, 1389, 2023, 2537, 2550, 2886, 3375, 4156], 'divided': [1034], '12': [1036], 'subfamilies.': [1039], 'Of': [1040, 1209], 'these,': [1041], 'only': [1042, 4028, 4386], '6': [1043], 'subfamilies': [1044, 1063, 1082], 'counterparts': [1046], 'ecdysozoan': [1048, 1090], 'animals': [1049, 1107], 'such': [1050, 4267], 'Caenorhabditis.': [1054], 'contrast,': [1056], 'least': [1058, 2626], '11': [1059], 'occur': [1064], 'genome': [1067], 'cnidarian': [1070], 'sea': [1072, 1171], 'anemone': [1073], 'Nematostella': [1074], 'vectensis).': [1075], 'finding': [1077], 'suggests': [1078], 'some': [1080], 'were': [1083], 'lost': [1084], 'evolution': [1087], 'lineage': [1091], 'but': [1092], 'more': [1093, 3810, 4216], 'importantly': [1094], 'reveals': [1095], 'complex': [1098, 1672, 1734, 3366, 3777, 3953], 'inventory': [1099], 'factors': [1102, 2636, 2644, 2741], 'present': [1104], 'multicellular': [1106], 'well': [1108], 'before': [1109], 'Cambrian': [1111], 'explosion': [1112], '(550': [1113], 'million': [1114], 'years': [1115], 'ago).': [1116], 'Thus,': [1117, 1459, 1833], 'comparative': [1118], 'genomic': [1119], 'underscores': [1121], 'crucial': [1123], 'role': [1124, 1894, 2311, 3224, 3964, 4242], 'play': [1128], 'organismal': [1130], 'throughout': [1132], 'kingdom': [1135], '(Kusserow': [1136], '2005Kusserow': [1139], 'Pang': [1141], 'Sturm': [1143], 'Hrouda': [1145], 'Lentferm': [1147], 'Schmidt': [1149], 'H.A.': [1150], 'Technau': [1151], 'U.': [1152, 3497, 3694], 'von': [1153], 'Haeseler': [1154], 'Hobmayer': [1156], 'Martindale': [1158], 'M.Q.': [1159], 'Holstein': [1160], 'T.W.': [1161], 'Unexpected': [1162], 'complexity': [1163], 'family': [1168, 1997, 2056, 2088, 2244, 2611, 2917, 2979, 3109, 3192, 3605, 3816, 4222, 4301], 'anemone.Nature.': [1172], '433:': [1174], '156-160Crossref': [1175], '(262)': [1178], 'Currently,': [1181], 'three': [1182], 'different': [1183], 'pathways': [1184], 'believed': [1186, 1467, 3303], 'upon': [1190], 'receptor': [1192, 1742, 2243, 2365, 2447, 2577, 3510, 3707, 3834], 'activation:': [1193], 'Wnt/β-catenin': [1196, 2522], 'cascade,': [1197], 'noncanonical': [1199], 'planar': [1200], '(PCP)': [1203], 'Wnt/Ca2+': [1207], 'pathway.': [1208, 2524, 3937], 'three,': [1211], 'best': [1216], 'understood': [1217], 'primary': [1221], 'subject': [1222, 4394], 'this': [1224, 2444, 2997, 3776, 4387], 'review.': [1225], 'For': [1226, 1909, 4192], 'recent': [1227, 4209], 'comprehensive': [1228, 4194], 'overviews': [1229], 'on': [1230, 2212, 2576, 2866, 3341, 3975], 'pathways,': [1235, 4111], 'reader': [1237, 4204], 'referred': [1239, 4206], 'Katoh,': [1241], '2005Katoh': [1242], 'WNT/PCP': [1244], '(review).Oncol.': [1250], 'Rep.': [1251], '14:': [1253], '1583-1588PubMed': [1254], 'Scholar': [1256, 1431, 1557, 1592, 2496], 'Kohn': [1258], '2005Kohn': [1261], 'A.D.': [1262], 'calcium': [1267], 'signaling:': [1268], 'β-Catenin-independent': [1269], 'pathways.Cell': [1270], 'Calcium.': [1271], '38:': [1273], '439-446Crossref': [1274], '(286)': [1277], 'Scholar.': [1279], 'review': [1281, 1304, 4210], 'discusses': [1282], 'how': [1283, 1291, 1812, 3449, 3455], 'produced': [1287], 'they': [1292, 1342, 2394, 3945, 3954], 'activate': [1293, 2519, 2552, 2637, 2743, 2768, 2898, 2930], 'recipient': [1300], 'cells.': [1301], 'Further,': [1302], 'examines': [1305], 'roles': [1307, 3933, 4058], 'development,': [1314], 'tissue': [1315, 3211], 'self-renewal,': [1316], 'characterized': [1322, 2659], 'high': [1325, 2671], 'residues.': [1330], 'carry': [1334], 'an': [1335, 1964, 2117, 2231, 2284, 2371, 2682, 3412, 3962, 4256], 'N-terminal': [1336, 1966], 'peptide': [1338], 'secreted,': [1341], 'relatively': [1344], 'insoluble.': [1345], 'insolubility': [1347], 'been': [1349, 2335, 2818, 4134], 'attributed': [1350], 'particular': [1353], 'modification,': [1355], 'palmitoylation,': [1357], 'essential': [1360, 1601, 1685, 2120, 2287, 3620, 3963, 4029, 4257], 'function': [1363, 1715, 3305], '(Willert': [1364], '2003Willert': [1367], 'Brown': [1369, 2272], 'J.D.': [1370], 'Danenberg': [1371], 'Duncan': [1373], 'A.W.': [1374], 'Weissman': [1375], 'I.L.': [1376], 'Reya': [1377], 'T.': [1378, 2279, 2847, 2849], 'Yates': [1379], '3rd,': [1380], 'lipid-modified': [1387], 'stem': [1392], 'growth': [1394], 'factors.Nature.': [1395], '2003;': [1396, 2248, 2294, 2421, 3097, 4074], '423:': [1397], '448-452Crossref': [1398], '(1088)': [1401], 'Hofmann,': [1404], '2000Hofmann': [1405], 'superfamily': [1408], 'membrane-bound': [1410], 'O-acyltransferases': [1411], 'implications': [1413], 'signaling.Trends': [1416], 'Biochem.': [1417], '2000;': [1419, 2124, 2159, 2194], '25:': [1420], '111-112Abstract': [1421], '(215)': [1429], 'reported': [1432], 'Wnt-secreting': [1440], 'cell,': [1441], 'displays': [1444], 'homology': [1445], 'acyl-transferases,': [1447], 'enzymes': [1448, 1923], 'acylate': [1450], 'substrates': [1454], 'endoplasmic': [1457, 2232], 'reticulum.': [1458], 'porcupine': [1460], 'its': [1462, 2433, 3854, 3976], 'worm': [1463], 'mom-1': [1465], 'enzyme': [1471], 'responsible': [1474], 'palmitoylation': [1477], '(Zhai': [1478], '2004Zhai': [1481], 'L.': [1482, 2104, 2267, 2269, 2703, 3263], 'Chaturvedi': [1483], 'Cumberledge': [1485], 'wnt-1': [1488], 'undergoes': [1489], 'hydrophobic': [1491], 'modification': [1492], 'targeted': [1495, 3887], 'lipid': [1497, 1831], 'rafts,': [1498], 'process': [1500, 2830], 'requires': [1502, 1574, 1713], 'porcupine.J.': [1503], 'Chem.': [1505, 2935, 3141, 3171, 3229], '2004;': [1506, 1800, 1945, 2484, 2727, 2802, 3331], '279:': [1507], '33220-33227Crossref': [1508], '(116)': [1511], 'Recently,': [1514], 'Banziger': [1515], '2006Banziger': [1518], 'Soldini': [1520], 'Schutt': [1522], 'Zipperlen': [1524], 'Hausmann': [1526], 'G.': [1527, 1703, 3018, 3489, 3686], 'Basler': [1528], 'Wntless,': [1530], 'membrane': [1533, 3613, 3726], 'dedicated': [1535, 1754, 3875], 'secretion': [1538, 1688, 1757, 3354], 'cells.Cell.': [1544], '2006;': [1545, 1580, 1719, 2580, 2936, 3824, 4230], '125:': [1546, 1581], '509-522Abstract': [1547], '(182)': [1555], 'Bartscherer': [1559], '2006Bartscherer': [1562], 'Pelte': [1564], 'Ingelfinger': [1566], 'Boutros': [1568], 'Secretion': [1570], 'ligands': [1573, 2921], 'evi,': [1575], 'transmembrane': [1578, 1618, 1961, 2083, 2362, 3006, 3254], 'protein.Cell.': [1579], '523-533Abstract': [1582], '(185)': [1590], 'uncovered': [1593], 'another': [1596, 3003], 'secretion,': [1604], 'wntless': [1606], '(wls)': [1607], 'evenness': [1609], 'interrupted': [1610], '(evi),': [1611], 'respectively.': [1612], 'encodes': [1615, 2116, 2283], 'seven-pass': [1617, 1960], 'worms': [1624], '(mom-3)': [1625], 'man': [1627], '(hWLS).': [1628], 'absence': [1631], 'Wls/evi,': [1633], 'Wnts': [1634, 1834, 1876, 1953, 2766, 3562], 'retained': [1636], 'inside': [1637], 'produces': [1641], 'them.': [1642], 'Wntless': [1644], 'resides': [1646], 'primarily': [1647], 'Golgi': [1650], 'apparatus,': [1651], 'where': [1652], 'it': [1653, 1809, 2332, 3430, 3447, 3608, 3779, 3993], 'colocalizes': [1654], 'physically': [1656, 2887, 3376], 'interacts': [1657, 3471, 3781, 3994], 'Wnts.': [1659], 'genetic': [1661, 3959], 'screen': [1662], 'elegans': [1665], 'retromer,': [1669], 'multiprotein': [1671], 'trafficking': [1676, 2240], 'yeast': [1680], 'man,': [1682], 'generation': [1692], 'gradient': [1696, 1711], '(Coudreuse': [1697], '2006Coudreuse': [1700], 'D.Y.': [1701], 'Roel': [1702], 'Betist': [1704], 'Destree': [1706], 'Korswagen': [1708], 'H.C.': [1709], 'retromer': [1714, 1733], 'Wnt-producing': [1717], 'cells.Science.': [1718], '312:': [1720], '921-924Crossref': [1721], '(132)': [1724, 2941], 'An': [1727, 2151, 3059], 'attractive': [1728], 'hypothesis': [1729], 'recycling': [1738], 'cargo': [1741], '(such': [1743], 'Wntless)': [1745], 'default': [1748], 'secretory': [1749], 'compartment': [1753], '(see': [1758], 'Figure': [1759], '1).': [1760], 'thought': [1763, 3564], 'morphogen': [1768], '(that': [1769], 'is,': [1770, 2393, 4247], 'long-range': [1772, 1814], 'whose': [1774, 3758], 'concentration': [1777], 'dependent)': [1778], '(reviewed': [1779, 1930, 3310, 3398], 'Logan': [1781, 3312], 'Nusse,': [1783, 2562, 3314], '2004Logan': [1784, 3315], 'C.Y.': [1785, 3316], 'disease.Annu.': [1795, 3326], 'Rev.': [1796, 3327], 'Cell': [1797, 3328, 4305], 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'transported': [1879], 'cytonemes,': [1881], 'long,': [1884], 'thin': [1885], 'filopodial': [1886], 'processes.': [1887], 'Additionally,': [1888], 'studies': [1889, 2879, 3464], 'suggest': [1892, 3222], 'extracellular': [1896, 1965, 2434, 2891, 3247, 3307], 'heparan': [1897, 1937], 'sulfate': [1898, 1938], 'proteoglycans': [1899, 1939], '(HSPG)': [1900], 'stabilization': [1905, 2834, 3349], 'instance,': [1910], 'flies': [1911], 'Dally,': [1915], 'GPI-anchored': [1917], 'HSPG,': [1918], 'encoding': [1922], 'modify': [1925], 'HSPGs': [1926], 'resemble': [1927, 2327, 2388, 3184], 'Lin,': [1932], '2004Lin': [1933], 'Functions': [1935], 'development.Development.': [1944], '131:': [1946], '6009-6021Crossref': [1947], '(316)': [1950], 'bind': [1954, 2024], 'Frizzled': [1955, 2026, 2609, 3191], '(Fz)': [1956], 'receptors': [1962, 2352, 2928, 3038, 3195, 3256], 'cysteine-rich': [1967], 'domain': [1968, 2455, 3188], '(CRD)': [1969], '(Bhanot': [1970], '1996Bhanot': [1973, 2032], 'Brink': [1975, 2034], 'Samos': [1977, 2036, 3270], 'C.H.': [1978, 2037, 3271], 'Hsieh': [1979, 2038, 2261], 'J.C.': [1980, 2039, 2265, 3085, 3261], 'Wang': [1981, 2040, 2597, 2690], 'Macke': [1983, 2042], 'Andrew': [1985, 2044], 'Nathans': [1987, 2046, 2599, 2708, 3276], 'member': [1993, 2052, 2606, 2975, 3110], 'frizzled': [1996, 2055, 2924], 'functions': [2000, 2059, 2507, 2984, 3384, 3458], 'receptor.Nature.': [2004, 2063, 2420], '1996;': [2005, 2064, 3230], '382:': [2006, 2065], '225-230Crossref': [2007, 2066], '(931)': [2010, 2069], 'Wnt-Fz': [2014], 'interaction': [2015], 'appears': [2016, 4038], 'promiscuous,': [2017], 'single': [2021], 'multiple': [2025, 3592], '(e.g.,': [2028], 'Bhanot': [2029], 'vice': [2073], 'versa.': [2074], 'binding': [2076, 2533, 2954, 3068, 3435, 4258], 'Wnt,': [2077], 'Fzs': [2078], 'cooperate': [2079], 'single-pass': [2082], 'molecule': [2084, 4088], 'LRP': [2087, 3070, 3484, 3943], 'known': [2089, 3448], 'Arrow': [2091, 2115], '(Wehrli': [2094], '2000Wehrli': 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Works().search("fierce creatures").get()
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Filtro de búsqueda
Referencia de OpenAlex: El filtro de búsqueda
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Research Board (Ireland)', 'HealthResearchBoard', 'Health Research Board, Ireland', 'The Health Research Board', 'HRB'], 'country_code': 'IE', 'description': None, 'homepage_url': 'http://www.hrb.ie', 'image_url': None, 'image_thumbnail_url': None, 'relevance_score': 2834.5645, 'grants_count': 824, 'works_count': 2043, 'cited_by_count': 56219, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 3.9931034482758623, 'h_index': 100, 'i10_index': 950}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/F4320312041', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/003hb2249', 'crossref': '100010414', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13039/100010414'}, 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 183, 'cited_by_count': 6514}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 257, 'cited_by_count': 8029}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 298, 'cited_by_count': 7405}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 286, 'cited_by_count': 5445}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 190, 'cited_by_count': 4159}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 194, 'cited_by_count': 3120}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 120, 'cited_by_count': 2652}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 55, 'cited_by_count': 2359}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 42, 'cited_by_count': 2122}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 40, 'cited_by_count': 1891}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 32, 'cited_by_count': 1799}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 41, 'cited_by_count': 1604}], 'roles': [{'role': 'funder', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320312041', 'works_count': 2043}, {'role': 'institution', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210086850', 'works_count': 1259}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T05:19:27.512855', 'created_date': '2023-02-13'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306085', 'display_name': 'U.S. Department of Health and Human Services', 'alternate_titles': ['USDHHS', 'HHS', 'DHHS', 'United States Department of Health and Human Services', 'Department of Health and Human Services', 'U.S. Department of Health & Human Services', 'The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services'], 'country_code': 'US', 'description': 'department of the US federal government', 'homepage_url': 'http://www.hhs.gov', 'image_url': 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Redirect/file/US-DeptOfHHS-Logo.svg', 'image_thumbnail_url': 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Redirect/file/US-DeptOfHHS-Logo.svg&width=300', 'relevance_score': 2680.938, 'grants_count': 2284, 'works_count': 4326, 'cited_by_count': 99767, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 6.2081526452732, 'h_index': 122, 'i10_index': 1916}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306085', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033jnv181', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q942326', 'crossref': '100000016', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13039/100000016'}, 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 509, 'cited_by_count': 16476}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 576, 'cited_by_count': 20344}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 651, 'cited_by_count': 16722}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 508, 'cited_by_count': 12106}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 440, 'cited_by_count': 8493}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 381, 'cited_by_count': 6028}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 306, 'cited_by_count': 4488}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 240, 'cited_by_count': 3263}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 220, 'cited_by_count': 2183}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 137, 'cited_by_count': 1557}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 65, 'cited_by_count': 1213}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 65, 'cited_by_count': 891}], 'roles': [{'role': 'institution', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'works_count': 6516}, {'role': 'funder', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306085', 'works_count': 4326}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T06:26:54.534931', 'created_date': '2023-02-13'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334749', 'display_name': 'Health Research Council of New Zealand', 'alternate_titles': ['HRC'], 'country_code': 'NZ', 'description': 'New Zealand Crown entity', 'homepage_url': 'https://hrc.govt.nz', 'image_url': None, 'image_thumbnail_url': None, 'relevance_score': 2499.0337, 'grants_count': 1232, 'works_count': 3351, 'cited_by_count': 74573, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 5.7014462809917354, 'h_index': 99, 'i10_index': 1563}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334749', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00zbf3d93', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17051097', 'crossref': '501100001505', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001505'}, 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 268, 'cited_by_count': 12450}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 454, 'cited_by_count': 15860}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 493, 'cited_by_count': 13709}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 476, 'cited_by_count': 10080}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 389, 'cited_by_count': 6785}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 356, 'cited_by_count': 4474}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 306, 'cited_by_count': 2942}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 203, 'cited_by_count': 2028}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 148, 'cited_by_count': 1507}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 87, 'cited_by_count': 1061}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 39, 'cited_by_count': 834}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 37, 'cited_by_count': 655}], 'roles': [{'role': 'funder', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334749', 'works_count': 3351}, {'role': 'institution', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802378004', 'works_count': 591}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T05:44:08.482966', 'created_date': '2023-02-13'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320335055', 'display_name': 'Health and Medical Research Fund', 'alternate_titles': ['HMRF'], 'country_code': 'HK', 'description': 'bureau of the Hong Kong Government', 'homepage_url': 'http://www.fhb.gov.hk', 'image_url': 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Redirect/file/Regional Emblem of Hong Kong.svg', 'image_thumbnail_url': 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Redirect/file/Regional Emblem of Hong Kong.svg&width=300', 'relevance_score': 2467.1296, 'grants_count': 1128, 'works_count': 1944, 'cited_by_count': 61762, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 13.126829268292683, 'h_index': 88, 'i10_index': 976}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/F4320335055', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qh32912', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2303511', 'crossref': '501100005847', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005847'}, 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 228, 'cited_by_count': 11125}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 356, 'cited_by_count': 14903}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 339, 'cited_by_count': 15174}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 278, 'cited_by_count': 13959}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 233, 'cited_by_count': 3145}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 202, 'cited_by_count': 1688}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 145, 'cited_by_count': 911}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 100, 'cited_by_count': 390}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 42, 'cited_by_count': 161}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 12, 'cited_by_count': 87}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 8, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 0, 'cited_by_count': 23}], 'roles': [{'role': 'funder', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320335055', 'works_count': 1944}, {'role': 'institution', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800501823', 'works_count': 226}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T05:23:09.533755', 'created_date': '2023-02-13'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320322845', 'display_name': 'National Health Research Institutes', 'alternate_titles': ['NHRI'], 'country_code': 'TW', 'description': None, 'homepage_url': 'http://english.nhri.org.tw/NHRI_WEB/nhriw001Action.do', 'image_url': None, 'image_thumbnail_url': None, 'relevance_score': 2449.1511, 'grants_count': 2281, 'works_count': 2607, 'cited_by_count': 50980, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 5.0625909752547305, 'h_index': 82, 'i10_index': 1281}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/F4320322845', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02r6fpx29', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6973008', 'crossref': '501100004737', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004737'}, 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 225, 'cited_by_count': 7914}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 312, 'cited_by_count': 9991}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 341, 'cited_by_count': 9441}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 347, 'cited_by_count': 7612}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 302, 'cited_by_count': 4403}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 255, 'cited_by_count': 3066}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 211, 'cited_by_count': 2384}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 189, 'cited_by_count': 1692}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 147, 'cited_by_count': 1176}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 89, 'cited_by_count': 839}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 61, 'cited_by_count': 699}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 40, 'cited_by_count': 459}], 'roles': [{'role': 'institution', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165441096', 'works_count': 10415}, {'role': 'funder', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320322845', 'works_count': 2607}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T06:44:36.744228', 'created_date': '2023-02-13'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319965', 'display_name': 'Michael Smith Health Research BC', 'alternate_titles': ['Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research', 'MSFHR'], 'country_code': 'CA', 'description': None, 'homepage_url': 'http://www.msfhr.org', 'image_url': None, 'image_thumbnail_url': None, 'relevance_score': 2303.327, 'grants_count': 470, 'works_count': 2358, 'cited_by_count': 53833, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 5.4895209580838324, 'h_index': 93, 'i10_index': 1165}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319965', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/020x39229', 'crossref': '501100000245', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000245'}, 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 206, 'cited_by_count': 8419}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 329, 'cited_by_count': 9942}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 383, 'cited_by_count': 8639}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 288, 'cited_by_count': 6363}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 241, 'cited_by_count': 4506}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 210, 'cited_by_count': 3562}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 160, 'cited_by_count': 2830}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 144, 'cited_by_count': 2334}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 120, 'cited_by_count': 1870}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 67, 'cited_by_count': 1527}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 41, 'cited_by_count': 1220}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 40, 'cited_by_count': 927}], 'roles': [{'role': 'institution', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210109318', 'works_count': 244}, {'role': 'funder', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319965', 'works_count': 2358}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T06:35:04.821583', 'created_date': '2023-02-13'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319927', 'display_name': 'Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions', 'alternate_titles': ['AIHS'], 'country_code': 'CA', 'description': None, 'homepage_url': 'http://albertainnovates.ca', 'image_url': None, 'image_thumbnail_url': None, 'relevance_score': 2209.493, 'grants_count': 295, 'works_count': 1416, 'cited_by_count': 41491, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 4.852941176470588, 'h_index': 84, 'i10_index': 940}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319927', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00ynafe15', 'crossref': '501100000145', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000145'}, 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 25, 'cited_by_count': 5338}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 56, 'cited_by_count': 7059}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 96, 'cited_by_count': 7588}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 109, 'cited_by_count': 6300}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 162, 'cited_by_count': 4945}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 223, 'cited_by_count': 3812}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 231, 'cited_by_count': 2700}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 203, 'cited_by_count': 1751}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 157, 'cited_by_count': 984}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 67, 'cited_by_count': 530}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 47, 'cited_by_count': 318}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 21, 'cited_by_count': 85}], 'roles': [{'role': 'institution', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210098300', 'works_count': 612}, {'role': 'funder', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319927', 'works_count': 1416}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T05:47:15.401991', 'created_date': '2023-02-13'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319994', 'display_name': 'Department of Health and Social Care', 'alternate_titles': ['DH', 'Department of Health & Social Care'], 'country_code': 'GB', 'description': 'United Kingdom government ministerial department', 'homepage_url': 'https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-health-and-social-care', 'image_url': 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Redirect/file/Department.of.health.london.arp.jpg', 'image_thumbnail_url': 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Redirect/file/Department.of.health.london.arp.jpg&width=300', 'relevance_score': 2191.8196, 'grants_count': 526, 'works_count': 1806, 'cited_by_count': 57365, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 12.571428571428571, 'h_index': 101, 'i10_index': 1030}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319994', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03sbpja79', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3044742', 'crossref': '501100000276', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000276'}, 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 183, 'cited_by_count': 8076}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 192, 'cited_by_count': 10595}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 196, 'cited_by_count': 9676}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 107, 'cited_by_count': 7854}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 113, 'cited_by_count': 5356}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 167, 'cited_by_count': 4407}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 182, 'cited_by_count': 3409}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 144, 'cited_by_count': 2622}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 131, 'cited_by_count': 2028}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 199, 'cited_by_count': 1092}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 102, 'cited_by_count': 608}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 30, 'cited_by_count': 441}], 'roles': [{'role': 'institution', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1311074006', 'works_count': 314}, {'role': 'funder', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319994', 'works_count': 1806}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T06:07:37.770911', 'created_date': '2023-02-13'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332175', 'display_name': 'Health Resources and Services Administration', 'alternate_titles': ['Tài nguyên Y tế và Dịch vụ Quản trị', '保健資源およびサービス管理 保', 'Administration des ressources et des services de santé', 'Health Resources & Services Administration', 'منابع و مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی', 'Administración de Recursos y Servicios de Salud', 'есурсов и служб здравоохранения администрации', 'Resous ak Sèvis Sante Administrasyon', 'HRSA', 'Gesundheitsressourcen und Dienstleistungen Verwaltung', 'Salute Risorse e Servizi Amministrazione', 'Zasoby i usługi zdrowotne Administracja', 'Administração de Recursos e Serviços de Saúde', '卫生资源和服务管理局', '보건 자원 및 서비스 관리'], 'country_code': 'US', 'description': 'department of the US federal government', 'homepage_url': 'http://www.hhs.gov', 'image_url': 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Redirect/file/US-DeptOfHHS-Logo.svg', 'image_thumbnail_url': 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Redirect/file/US-DeptOfHHS-Logo.svg&width=300', 'relevance_score': 2011.841, 'grants_count': 1358, 'works_count': 2979, 'cited_by_count': 41070, 'summary_stats': {'2yr_mean_citedness': 3.764705882352941, 'h_index': 80, 'i10_index': 1061}, 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332175', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033jnv181', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q942326', 'crossref': '100000102', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.13039/100000102'}, 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'works_count': 355, 'cited_by_count': 7286}, {'year': 2022, 'works_count': 400, 'cited_by_count': 8812}, {'year': 2021, 'works_count': 468, 'cited_by_count': 7457}, {'year': 2020, 'works_count': 420, 'cited_by_count': 5408}, {'year': 2019, 'works_count': 327, 'cited_by_count': 3738}, {'year': 2018, 'works_count': 274, 'cited_by_count': 2700}, {'year': 2017, 'works_count': 237, 'cited_by_count': 1755}, {'year': 2016, 'works_count': 200, 'cited_by_count': 1209}, {'year': 2015, 'works_count': 112, 'cited_by_count': 855}, {'year': 2014, 'works_count': 59, 'cited_by_count': 535}, {'year': 2013, 'works_count': 33, 'cited_by_count': 418}, {'year': 2012, 'works_count': 27, 'cited_by_count': 263}], 'roles': [{'role': 'institution', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'works_count': 6516}, {'role': 'funder', 'id': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332175', 'works_count': 2979}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T06:47:20.857727', 'created_date': '2023-02-13'}]
Ordenar listas de entidades
Referencia de OpenAlex: {ordenar listas de entidades](https://docs.openalex.org/api-entities/works/get-lists-of-works#page-and-sort-works).
Works().sort(cited_by_count="desc").get()
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'InRedditWechat': [191], 'Citing': [192], 'Literature': [193], 'Volume15,': [194], 'Issue3July': [195], '1962Pages': [196], 'RelatedInformation': [198]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024556021', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1251}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1667}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1880}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1859}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1666}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1665}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1632}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1814}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2121}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2466}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2357}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2563}], 'updated_date': '2023-10-03T11:31:40.351055', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}]
Seleccionar
Referencia de OpenAlex: Seleccionar campos.
Works().filter(publication_year=2020, is_oa=True).select(["id", "doi"]).get()
[{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3001118548', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3008827533', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2002032'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3001897055', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001017'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3009885589', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3165656738', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3004280078', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3009912996', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3002108456', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2999417355', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21590'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3103145119', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3008028633', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3003668884', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001316'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3111255098', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2034577'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3006659024', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3003217347', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3004318991', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30251-8'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3099878876', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3025949386', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3008443627', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30120-1'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3008090866', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30079-5'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3012421327', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30628-0'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3007643904', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2507'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3016535995', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6775'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3012099172', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2004973'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3002539152', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30154-9'}]
Muestra
Referencia de OpenAlex: listas de entidades de muestra.
Works().sample(100, seed=535).get()
[{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W950429506', 'doi': None, 'title': '浅谈LIMS在“双认证”实验室中的应用', 'display_name': '浅谈LIMS在“双认证”实验室中的应用', 'relevance_score': 0.99999994, 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W950429506', 'mag': '950429506'}, 'language': 'zh-cn', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.cqvip.com/QK/92443A/201005/35796779.html', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306554769', 'display_name': '现代科学仪器', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080174472', 'display_name': '黄金丽', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': '黄金丽', 'raw_affiliation_string': '', 'raw_affiliation_strings': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006998000', 'display_name': '孙宝利', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': '孙宝利', 'raw_affiliation_string': '', 'raw_affiliation_strings': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057289607', 'display_name': '仝乘凤', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': '仝乘凤', 'raw_affiliation_string': '', 'raw_affiliation_strings': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045628565', 'display_name': '范中南', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': '范中南', 'raw_affiliation_string': '', 'raw_affiliation_strings': []}], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '140', 'last_page': '142'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4326675}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.cqvip.com/QK/92443A/201005/35796779.html', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306554769', 'display_name': '现代科学仪器', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9', 'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'score': 0.13}, {'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12', 'display_name': 'Responsible consumption and production', 'score': 0.11}], 'grants': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': [], 'ngrams_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works/W950429506/ngrams', 'abstract_inverted_index': {'简述了LIMS系统(实验室信息管理系统)在双认证实验室中的信息化管理,从人员管理、仪器管理、实验物品管理、方法管理和环境管理这五个管理要素进行系统分析。整个LIMS系统完善了实验室的检测工作流程,集样品、检验过程、检验数据、检验报告和实验室资源管理等于一体,组成一套完整的实验室综合管理体系以适应双认证实验室的需求,从而提高整个实验室的质量管理水平和工作效率。': [0]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W950429506', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2023-09-24T05:28:31.507220', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2287468980', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2015.194', 'title': 'Survey of Application and Research on Government Cloud Computing In China', 'display_name': 'Survey of Application and Research on Government Cloud Computing In China', 'relevance_score': 0.99999994, 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2287468980', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2015.194', 'mag': '2287468980'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2015.194', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'proceedings-article', 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023678961', 'display_name': 'Wang Ning', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7037-9260'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wang Ning', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fac. of Manage. & Econ., Dalian Univ. of Technol., Dalian, China', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fac. of Manage. & Econ., Dalian Univ. of Technol., Dalian, China']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069938369', 'display_name': 'Xie Xiaoshan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Xie Xiaoshan', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fac. of Manage. & Econ., Dalian Univ. of Technol., Dalian, China', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fac. of Manage. & Econ., Dalian Univ. of Technol., Dalian, China']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065859286', 'display_name': 'Hui Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-5480'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Li Hui', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fac. of Manage. & Econ., Dalian Univ. of Technol., Dalian, China', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fac. of Manage. & Econ., Dalian Univ. of Technol., Dalian, China']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082358939', 'display_name': 'Xuehua Wang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-1471'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wang Xuehua', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fac. of Manage. & Econ., Dalian Univ. of Technol., Dalian, China', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fac. of Manage. & Econ., Dalian Univ. of Technol., Dalian, China']}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070233773', 'display_name': 'Xuezhi Qin', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Qin Xuezhi', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fac. of Manage. & Econ., Dalian Univ. of Technol., Dalian, China', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fac. of Manage. & Econ., Dalian Univ. of Technol., Dalian, China']}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 3, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C79974875', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639', 'display_name': 'Cloud computing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.94340897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778137410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820', 'display_name': 'Government (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.77082133}, {'id': 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'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23664507}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107457646', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434', 'display_name': 'Human–computer interaction', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13662422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11687872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.086915046}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2015.194', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.83}], 'grants': [], 'referenced_works_count': 1, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2125983452'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1492108158', 'https://openalex.org/W2147718880', 'https://openalex.org/W2362098564', 'https://openalex.org/W2379930685', 'https://openalex.org/W2383532021', 'https://openalex.org/W2388049097', 'https://openalex.org/W2805919076', 'https://openalex.org/W4255047421', 'https://openalex.org/W4255207373', 'https://openalex.org/W4385451301'], 'ngrams_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works/W2287468980/ngrams', 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'development': [1], 'of': [2, 19, 35, 40], 'cloud': [3, 21, 45], 'computing': [4, 22], 'philosophy': [5], 'and': [6, 15, 25, 38], 'technology': [7], 'offers': [8], 'new': [9], 'direction': [10], 'to': [11, 51], 'e-government.': [12], 'First,': [13], 'introduced': [14], 'analyzed': [16], 'current': [17], 'situation': [18], 'government': [20, 41, 44], 'at': [23], 'home': [24], 'abroad.': [26], 'Then,': [27], 'discuss': [28], 'the': [29, 33, 49], 'research': [30], 'contents': [31], 'from': [32], 'aspects': [34], 'migration': [36], 'mode': [37], 'architecture': [39], 'cloud,': [42], 'popular': [43], 'solutions.': [46], 'Finally,': [47], 'indicated': [48], 'problems': [50], 'be': [52], 'solved': [53], 'urgently.': [54]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2287468980', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2023-09-24T17:51:25.628564', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3151300731', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02425740', 'title': 'Die einzelnen Lebensmittel (Chemie, Technologie, Analytik)', 'display_name': 'Die einzelnen Lebensmittel (Chemie, Technologie, Analytik)', 'relevance_score': 0.99999994, 'publication_year': 1961, 'publication_date': '1961-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3151300731', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02425740', 'mag': '3151300731'}, 'language': 'de', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02425740', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S169454776', 'display_name': 'European Food Research and Technology', 'issn_l': '1438-2377', 'issn': ['1438-2385', '1438-2377'], 'is_oa': False, 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Negación (NO):
Institutions().filter(country_code="!us").get()
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McGill', 'ja': 'マギル大学', 'ka': 'მაკგილის უნივერსიტეტი', 'kk': 'Макгилла университеті', 'ko': '맥길 대학교', 'kw': 'Pennskol McGill', 'ky': 'МакГилл Университети', 'la': 'Universitas McGill', 'lt': 'Makgilio universitetas', 'lv': 'Makgila Universitāte', 'ms': 'Universiti McGill', 'my': 'မက်ဂေးလ် တက္ကသိုလ်', 'nb': 'McGill University', 'nl': 'McGill-universiteit', 'os': 'Макгиллы университет', 'pa': 'ਮੈਕਗਿੱਲ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ', 'pl': 'McGill University', 'pnb': 'مکگل یونیورسٹی', 'pt': 'Universidade McGill', 'pt-br': 'Universidade McGill', 'ro': 'Universitatea McGill', 'ru': 'Университет Макгилла', 'sh': 'Univerzitet McGill', 'sk': 'McGill University', 'sl': 'Univerza McGill', 'sr': 'Универзитет Макгил', 'sr-ec': 'Универзитет Макгил', 'sr-el': 'Univerzitet Makgil', 'sv': 'McGill University', 'sw': 'Chuo Kikuu cha McGill', 'ta': 'மக்கில் பல்கலைக்கழகம்', 'th': 'มหาวิทยาลัยแมคกิลล์', 'tl': 'McGill University', 'tr': 'McGill Üniversitesi', 'tt': 'Макгилл университеты', 'uk': 'Університет Макгілла', 'ur': 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'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 23.2}], 'works_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=institutions.id:I5023651', 'updated_date': '2023-10-04T03:19:19.310904', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}]
Intersección (Y):
Works().filter(institutions={"country_code": ["fr", "gb"]}).get()
# Lo mismo
Works().filter(institutions={"country_code": "fr"}).filter(institutions={"country_code": "gb"}).get()
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'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049513467', 'display_name': 'Rajesh Dikshit', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-0486'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800098698', 'display_name': 'Tata Memorial Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/010842375', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2800098698']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rajesh Dikshit', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai (India)', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai (India)']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5025276497', 'display_name': 'Sultan Eser', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-4540'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I132257509', 'display_name': 'Izmir University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013h3xr51', 'country_code': 'TR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I132257509']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I66514158', 'display_name': 'Hacettepe University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04kwvgz42', 'country_code': 'TR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I66514158']}], 'countries': ['TR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sultan Eser', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Izmir Cancer Registry, Izmir Hub Izmir & Hacettepe University Institute of Public Health Ankara Turkey', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Izmir Cancer Registry, Izmir Hub Izmir & Hacettepe University Institute of Public Health Ankara Turkey']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017081649', 'display_name': 'Colin Mathers', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-6731'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210105654', 'display_name': 'World Health Organization', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01f80g185', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210105654']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Colin Mathers', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Measurement and Health Information Systems, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Measurement and Health Information Systems, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland']}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045986275', 'display_name': 'Marise Souto Rebelo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-3362'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210121739', 'display_name': 'Ministry of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02y7p0749', 'country_code': 'BR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210121739']}], 'countries': ['BR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marise Rebelo', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surveillance and Cancer Information, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surveillance and Cancer Information, 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'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Freddie Ian Bray', 'raw_affiliation_string': 'Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;']}], 'countries_distinct_count': 6, 'institutions_distinct_count': 7, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5051830072'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I42237331'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4840, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4840, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 4840, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4840, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 22602, 'biblio': {'volume': '136', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': 'E359', 'last_page': 'E386'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121608353', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078', 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